Nutrition for elderly individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic
Abstract
As Japan has been facing an increasingly aged society ahead of the rest of the world, much interest has been focused on interventions for treating frailty and sarcopenia to extend healthy life expectancy in recent years. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a crisis in healthcare systems all over the world. It has had a huge impact on not only public health but also the global economy. Due to the lack of effective vaccination and pharmacological antiviral intervention, pandemic control is dependent on public health measures. These measures have basically aimed to decrease social activities and face-to-face communication, including the restriction of public gatherings and compulsory stay-at-home policies [1]. Even though these strategies are effective in controlling the pandemic, social and economic influences have obviously affected vulnerable groups of people, including elderly individuals. Therefore, it is important to enhance the effectiveness of pandemic control measures while minimizing secondary negative consequences. This article aimed to describe the importance of maintaining good nutritional and mental health for elderly individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a particular focus on frailty management.Downloads
References
Hartley DM, Perencevich EN. Public Health Interventions for COVID-19: Emerging Evidence and Implications for an Evolving Public Health Crisis. JAMA. 2020. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.5910
Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and Important lessons from the Coronavirus Disease2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: Summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA. 2020; 323: 1239-1242
Le Couteur DG, Anderson RM, Newman AB. COVID-19 is a disease of older people. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2020. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glaa077
Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, et al. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in
China, 2019. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382: 727-733.
Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel
coronavirus in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020; 395: 497-500.
Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020. Mar 11. Doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3.
Bouadma L, Lescure FX, Lucet JC, et al. Severe SARS-CoV-2 infections: practical considerations and management strategy for intensivists. Intensive Care Med. 2020. Feb 26.
Doi: 10.1007/S00134-020-05967-x.
Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020; 395: 507-513.
Niu S, Tian S, Lou J, et al. Clinical Characteristics of Older Patients Infected with COVID-19: A Descriptive Study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2020; 89: 104058
Chan A, Malhotra C, Malhotra R, Ostbye T. Living arrangements, social networks and depressive symptoms among older men and women in Singapore. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2011; 26: 630-639.
Valtorta NK, Kanaan M, Gilbody S, Ronzi S, Hanratty B. Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for coronary heart disease and stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal observational studies. Heart 2016; 102: 1009-1016
Zhong BL, Chen SL, Conwell Y. Effects of transient versus chronic loneliness on cognitive function in older adults: Findings from the Chinese longitudinal healthy longevity survey. Am J Geriatr Psychiat 2016; 24: 389-398
http://japandayservice.com/pdfs/20200722_01.pdf. Report from Japan Day-service welfare association.
Maruyama T, Fujisawa T, Suga S, et al. Outcomes and prognostic features of patients with Influenza requiring hospitalization and receiving early antiviral therapy : A Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study. Chest. 2016; 149: 526-534.
Reyes L, Arvelo W, Estevez A, et al. Population-based surveillance for 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus in Guatemala, 2009. Influenza Other Respir. Viruses. 2010; 4: 129-140
Nicholas P, Gannon JK, et al. BCAA metabolism and insulin sensitivity-Dysregulated by metabolism status? Mol. Nutr. Food. Res. 2018; 62: 1700756
Zang S, Zeng X, Ren M, et al. Novel metabolic and physiological functions of branched chain amino acids: a review. Journal of animal science and biotechnology. 2017, 8:10
Nie C, He T, Zhang W, et al. Branched chain amino acids: beyond nutrition metabolism. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018; 19: 954
Alfonso J, et al. Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methyl Butyrate (HMB): From Experimental Data to Clinical Evidence in Sarcopenia. Curr Protein Pept Sci. 2018;19:668-672
Goncalves-Mendes N, Talvas J, Dual C, et al. Impact of Vitamin D Supplementation on influenza Vaccine Response and Immune Function in Deficient Elderly Persons A Randmized Placebo-Controlled Trial. Front Immunol. 2019; 10: 65.
Villar LM, Del Campo JA, Ranchal I, et al: Association between vitamin D and hepatitis C virus infection: a meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol. 2013; 19: 5917-5924,
Alexander GC, Qato DM. Ensuring Access to Medications in the US During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA 2020. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.6016
https://www.jpn-geriatsoc.or.jp/citize/pdf/for_short_stay.pdf. Infection disease prevention in nursing homes Report from Japan Geriatrics Society.
West CE, Sijtsma SR, Kouwenhoven B, et al. Epithekia-damaging virus infections affect vitamin A ststus in chickens. J Nutr. 1992; 122: 333-339.
Semba RD, Tang AM. Micronutrients and the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Br J Nutr. 1999; 81: 181-189.
Wilkins T, Sequoia J. Probiotics for Gastrointestinal Conditions: A Summary of the Evidence. Am Fam Physician. 2017; 96: 170-178.
Submitted
World Nutrition Journal is an open acces journal and under the licence of